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Mining industry of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo is estimated to have $24 trillion (equivalent to the combined Gross Domestic Product of Europe and the United States) worth of untapped deposits of minerals including the world’s largest reserves of Coltan and significant quantities of the world’s Cobalt. The primary resources extracted in the DRC include cobalt, diamonds, gold, copper, and oil. Much of the resource extraction is done in small operations, known as "Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining" (ASM),〔 〕 which are unregulated in the DRC.〔 Recently, more money is being invested into the extraction and refining of some of the ores found in the DRC, primarily copper and cobalt, which may help regulate the extraction and reduce environmental impacts. Many ASM operations still exist for minerals such as coltan that can be mined with little capital investment. ASM operations employ a significant number of DRC's population, with estimates of up to one fifth of the country or 12.5 million people.〔 〕 Because artisenal mining operations require little capital they are unregulated and occur primarily within protected areas, around endangered or threatened species. Artisenal mining often occurs in riparian zones.
In September 2010, the government banned mining in the east of the country, attempting to crack down on illegal organisations and corruption.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2010-09-15 )〕 During periods of violence, resources have been looted from the original collectors by both Congolese and foreign soldiers, and civilians or they are extracted by soldiers, locals organized by military commanders (much of the time Rwandan and Ugandan commanders) and by foreign nationals. Problems stemming from mining practices include disruption of families, mining-related illnesses, environmental damage, child-labor, and abuse of women including prostitution and rape.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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